Case Studies
Curious to explore how our AI analysis achieves digital authentication?
Browse through our case study articles showcasing how our advanced AI system expertly navigates even the most enigmatic pieces of art.
Caravaggio’s Lute Player: Three Versions, One Century of Disagreement, and an AI Tie Breaker
Caravaggio did not paint many pictures, but he inspired thousands. That imbalance, a small documented oeuvre and an enormous afterlife of imitation, is why attribution in Caravaggio studies can feel like detective work conducted in half-light. Few cases capture that better than The Lute Player, a composition so beguiling, and so frequently copied, that it
Rembrandt’s The Polish Rider: When Restoration Obscures Authorship
Few paintings in the canon of Old Master art have generated as much sustained debate as The Polish Rider, housed in the Frick Collection. Long celebrated as a masterpiece by Rembrandt, the work has, for decades, occupied an uneasy position between admiration and doubt. The central question has never been whether the painting is powerful,
Una Vilana Windisch: When a Dürer Refused to Stay Quiet
Some artworks arrive with a whisper. Others arrive with an argument already attached. Una Vilana Windisch belongs firmly to the latter category. From the moment this quiet, piercing portrait of a peasant woman resurfaced, it seemed determined to provoke disagreement, scrutiny, and, ultimately, a rethinking of how we decide what is, and is not, an
Anthony van Dyck’s Portrait of Don Felipe de Guzmán: When Skepticism Turns into Collaboration
Art authentication has never been a straight line of progress. It advances in fits and starts, shaped as much by skepticism as by discovery. Traditional connoisseurship, grounded in long looking and deep familiarity, remains one of its central pillars. Over time, it has been joined by scientific tools, from spectroscopy and X-ray imaging in the
Raphael and the de Brécy Tondo Madonna: When One AI Gets Ahead of the Evidence
In early 2023, the art world was jolted by what sounded like a once-in-a-generation discovery. The de Brécy Tondo Madonna, a small devotional painting long admired but cautiously classified, was suddenly proclaimed a lost masterpiece by Raphael. The basis for this dramatic reattribution was artificial intelligence.
Raphael’s Collaborative Practice: Partial Authorship and the Limits of the Eye
Few names in Renaissance art carry the weight of Raphael. Celebrated in his own lifetime and canonized soon after, Raffaello Sanzio occupies a rare position as both an artist of supreme refinement and a figure whose works were intensely desired, copied, adapted, and extended by others.
Kees van Dongen’s Nu en Buste: When Two Paintings Can’t Both Be Right
Art history is full of doubles. Copies, replicas, studio versions, later repetitions. Most of the time, they coexist peacefully. But every so often, two nearly identical works surface that force the art world into an uncomfortable binary. Only one can be right. And sometimes, neither institution nor market seems eager to say why.
Vincent van Gogh Self-Portrait? When Certainty Arrived Before the Headlines
Few artists generate as much passion, projection, and scholarly anxiety as Vincent van Gogh. His paintings feel intimate, confessional, almost autobiographical, which makes questions of authenticity especially charged. A Van Gogh is never just a Van Gogh.
